In order to explore the working condition of a heavy-duty diesel engine cylinder gasket in detail, and improve its working reliability and service life, the cylinder gasket parameters were optimized and studied using relevant algorithms. Firstly, the temperature field, thermal stress field, thermal-mechanical coupling stress field and deformation of gasket are calculated and analyzed, and the calculation model is verified by experiment. Then the orthogonal experiment method was used to analyze the influence of the five factors of the gasket on its three state indexes. On the basis of the above calculation results, the optimization scheme of the cylinder gasket is comprehensively determined by the dynamic guided multi-objective optimization strategy and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The results show that the temperature, stress and deformation of gasket have been improved to a certain extent after optimization, which proves the effectiveness of the optimization scheme and algorithm.