The thickness influence of constrain layer and damping layer on vibration performance of the structure is studied by single point hammer test. Vibration amplitude, vibration acceleration, total vibration acceleration level value and compound loss factor are analyzed respectively. The result shows that the damping performance is improved obviously when the thickness of the structural constraint layer increases from 40mm to 60mm. When the thickness of the damping layer is 3mm, the 80mm-constrain layer structure has the best damping performance, and the damping efficiency of damping layer is the highest. The damping performance of the structure with 2mm-damping layer is the best and the damping efficiency of damping layer is the highest, when the thickness of the constraint layer is 20mm, 40mm and 60mm respectively. Considering the structure performance, vibration reduction efficiency and economic factors, the structures which the thickness of constraint layer and damping layer are 60mm and 2mm respectively, which is the superior combination within the range of research.