In order to improve water mist to suppress the thermal runaway efficiency of the lithium battery, the experimental study on the thermal runaway of lithium batteries with different additives。Through the comparison of the temperature change trend of the lithium battery, the time reduced to critical temperature, and the number of battery bursts analysis, the comparative shows that: The addition of physical additives significantly improved the ability of water mist to inhibit the thermal runaway of lithium batteries. Triethanolamine additive decreased the surface tension of water mist droplets, and achieve the effect of reducing the temperature of the surface of the battery. Compared to the two additives, sodium bicarbonate and twelve alkyl benzene sulfonate, triethanolamine water mist show the best efficiency in suppressing thermal runaway of lithium battery. The study provides theoretical support and technical guidance to ensure the safe transport of lithium batteries aviation.