Cultivated land is an important factor affecting food production. Analysis of the change characteristics of cultivated land in Tongren City from 2000 to 2018 and the driving effect of natural factors have certain significance for the use and protection of cultivated land and the development of agriculture. Based on the 2000, 2010, and 2018 land use data of Tongren City, the slope, landform type, soil type, and average annual precipitation are selected as driving factors, and the land transfer matrix is ??used to explore Tongren using the landscape index and geographic detector method. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban cultivated land and the role of driving factors. The results showed that: 1. The degree of fragmentation of cultivated land landscape in Tongren City from 2000 to 2018 increased, the area of ??cultivated land decreased, and the overall spatial distribution of cultivated land was uneven; 2. Slope was the main factor affecting the distribution of cultivated land, and when interacting with other factors, it would affect cultivated land. The impact of increased. Studies have shown that the reduction of cultivated land in Tongren City is mainly due to the conversion of forest land and construction land, which is related to the construction of ecological civilization and the development of the city. Natural factors have interactive effects on cultivated land, and are complex and long-term. Providing reasonable and effective measures for protection requires comprehensive consideration of the driving effects of other factors.