Sediment is one of the main carrier of pollutants in water, it acts as a sink of pollutants under adsorption. The sedimentation and overhang of sediment have an important influence on the migration and transportation of pollutants. Herein, the vertical distribution of the surface sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area under different turbulence conditions was studied in a self-developed subsidence column. Furthermore, the fitting effects of quasi-first-order kinetics, quasi-second-order kinetics and Elovich models were compared. The results show that: (1) The suspended sediment in water body will be affected by many factors, and the distribution of sediment varies with different turbulence intensity, sediment dosage and different depth.(2) The adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by sediment is affected by the vertical distribution of sediment. The change of turbulence intensity and sediment concentration will make the adsorption process and total adsorption amount of ammonia nitrogen change. (3) The process of ammonia-nitrogen adsorption by sediment in turbulent state can be fitted by quasi-first-order kinetic model, quasi-second-order kinetic model and Elovich model, but the judgment of adsorption change and prediction trend of different models are different.