In order to study the influence law of alkali leaching of red mud from Bayer process in Western Guangxi, the state and content of alkali in red mud were analyzed by static leaching test. By changing pH, solid-liquid ratio, particle size, environmental temperature, stirring and other conditions, the release law of alkali in red mud with time was studied, and the main influencing factors were analyzed by orthogonal analysis. The results show that: the soluble alkali in red mud accounts for 30.04% of the total alkali, mainly including sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, etc.; the initial solution pH, solid-liquid ratio and solution temperature have great influence on the alkali release from red mud, while agitation and red mud particle size have little influence. The factors affecting alkali concentration and alkali dissolution rate of red mud solution are liquid-solid ratio, environmental temperature and pH. The research conclusion can provide the necessary scientific basis for the influence of Bayer red mud on the surrounding environment, water washing and alkali recovery.