Abstract:In order to understand the soil environmental conditions of Nanfeng orange, Excel, Arcgis, single factor pollution, Nemerow comprehensive pollution and potential ecological risk were used to evaluate and analyze the content statistics, spatial distribution, pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals such As Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Ni in the surface soil of Nanfeng orange. The results showed that the surface soil quality of Nanfeng orange was generally good. The mean values of Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Ni in the surface soil were 0.131mg·kg-1, 30.062mg·kg-1, 0.141 mg·kg-1, 37.380 mg·kg-1, 5.148 mg·kg-1 27.880 mg·kg-1, 85.642 mg·kg-1 and 14.605 mg·kg-1. The mean contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn were higher than the background values of jiangxi province. The average value of all heavy metal elements did not exceed the screening value of national soil pollution risk control standard for agricultural land. The frequency histogram shows that the distribution of Cd, Cu and Hg is skewed to the right, while the distribution of Cr, As, Hg, Pb, Zn and Ni is close to normal distribution. The evaluation results of soil pollution characteristics show that the single-factor pollution evaluation of Cr and Ni is the safe range. Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu and Zn all have different degrees of single-factor pollution, but the overall pollution degree is low. According to the Nemerow Composite pollution Index, heavy metal pollution is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of urban industrial zones and the northeast and south central of the study area. The potential ecological risk assessment (Ei) of Cr, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Ni is a slight ecological risk, while Cd and Hg have different degrees of potential risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk assessment RI strong risks and very strong risks are mainly distributed in the vicinity of industrial parks in urban areas and in the central and southern area. The spatial distribution of Cd, Hg, As and Cu is similar, and the high content value appears near the urban industrial park. The spatial distribution of Pb, Zn and Ni was similar, and the high content of Cr appeared in the northeast and southeast. According to Pearson correlation matrix, principal component analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the absolute principal component source 1 is a natural source, Cr and Ni mainly from natural source, the source 2 is the source of industrial activity, Cd, Hg, As and Cu come mainly from industrial activity, source 3 is the source of agricultural activities, Pb and zinc mainly from agricultural activities, other source mainly traffic source, part of the Pb from traffic source.