The study of the electrostatic distribution of precipitation static on the surface of aircraft is of great significance to evaluate its electrostatic safety during flight. In this paper, the 1:1 simulation model of a certain type of aircraft is modelled. A series of simulations are conducted base on the 1:1 aircraft model, including the capacitance of the aircraft in flight, the aircraft model structure and the precipitation charge. The effect of the aircraft model structure and the precipitation charge on the surface charge density and electric field distribution of the aircraft are studied. The simulation results indicate that the capacitance of the aircraft in flight is approximate 460.5pF. The aircraft model structure has an impact on the electrostatic field at the nose of the aircraft. Adding the cockpit and the cabin porthole to the simplified aircraft model, increases the electrostatic field approximate 20% at the nose. However, the cockpit and the cabin porthole have little effect on the electrostatic field at other locations. The electrostatic field intensity at each discharge brush varies linearly under different precipitation charge. It is diverse from each other, with the highest electrostatic field strength is approximate 97% higher than that of the lowest.