To further understand the surface geological characteristics of the Sanshandao area on east coast of Laizhou Bay, this research adopts X-ray diffraction, near infrared spectroscopy and soil salinity testing methods to identify the mineral composition and characteristics of the surface soil in the study area. The comprehensive analysis shows that the surface soil of the study area mainly consist of nine minerals, including muscovite, calcite, quartz, wollastonite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, magnesite, apatite and other minerals. Based on the analysis of characteristic peaks of near infrared spectrum, the absorption peak of muscovite Al-OH in soil sample is concentrated around 2 206 nm within the range of 2 200~2 210 nm, indicating that it is rich in Al and K muscovite formed at lower temperature. The absorption peak of chlorite Fe-OH in the sample is concentrated at 2 245 nm within the range of 2 240~2 250 nm. Based on the X-ray diffraction analysis results, it can be determined to be magnesium-rich chlorite, which conforms to the geochemical characteristics of chlorite in supergene environment. The average salt content of soil is 1.195 g·kg-1, which is slight salinization. The results show that, on the one hand, this research has effectively identified the composition and combination of soil minerals in the study area, and provided reference information of soil mineral composition for future mineral exploration related researches; moreover, the composition and combination of soil minerals are closely related to the geological background and surface climate and environmental conditions of the study area, and the test results of soil salinity indicate that there may be certain risks of soil salinization in the research area. Comprehensive analysis with X-ray diffraction, near infrared spectroscopy and soil salt content test has the advantages of rapidness and simplicity, lower cost, environmental protection, high accuracy and reliability, and provides a scientific technical means and method for soil mineral research.